Globalization Impacted on Indian Economy

Globalization strikeed on Indian EconomyIntroductionIndian economy had experienced major policy changes in premature 1990s. The untested economic reform, popularly known as, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed at making the Indian economy as immobileest exploitation economy and globally competitive. The series of reforms under civilizen with look upon to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more(prenominal) efficient.Globalization has many meanings depending on the stage setting and on the person who is talking near. Though the precise definition of globalization is still unavailable a few definitions argon worth viewing, Guy Brainbant says that the service of globalization not only includes opening up of world trade, evolution of advanced means of communication, internationalization of financial markets, growing importance of MNCs, macrocosm migrations and more generally increased mobility of perso ns, goods, capital, information and ideas but in addition infections, diseases and pollution. The term globalization refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as as well through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge. Ideally, it similarly contains unload inter-country movement of labor. In context to India, this implies opening up the economy to foreign direct investment funds by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activity in India, removing constraints and obstacles to the entry of MNCs in India, allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaborations and too encouraging them to set up joint ventures abroad carrying out massive import liberalization programs by switching over from quantitative restrictions to tariffs and import duties, so globalization has been identified with the policy reforms of 1991 in India. (http//www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article /8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp)Aims and Objectives-The details mentioned below will help to know the explore issue, the reason for the issue, cause of being the model issue and explain that how this research gutter be helpful in future.The research issue-The chief(prenominal) issue is the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. Globalization has come to dominate world since the 19th century. Globalization has many meanings depending on the frame of mind of person who thinks about it. However, Globalization means the integration of economies and societies through the exchange of ideas, technology, services, finance and people.The reason that led to globalization in India was the significant decline in GDP of some East Asian companies, miss of growth in growing countries and the foreign exchange markets of the developed nations. Due to the above reasons- Inflation in India rose sharply during 1998-99, reaching the height of 8.8% in folk 1998 and dropping down in Jan uary 1999.Manufacturing growth in terms of GDP fell to 7.7% in 1996-97 from previous years height of 15%, whereas in 1997-98 it fell to 6.8%. The above mentioned impacts show the connection of India with the global economy, production decisions and government policies.why is it an issue? in that location is a concern that relates to the loss of autonomy sideline the economic policies. It is certain that in the progressing world, all countries cant implement the same techniques, there are suppose to be some differences depending on various circum locatings.Why is it an issue now-Though there will be a help of foreign investment to promote the economic suppuration in the myopic run, but there is withal a possibility that at the times of recession investors whitethorn withdraw their funds causing further problems. Domestic producers are being affected by overseas giants,that are having competitive advantages over the house servant producers having huge funds to invest. This has st arted to result in closure of many domestic owned firms.Globalization has resulted in outsourcing of jobs to developing countries, resulting the loss of jobs in developed countries in the near future there is a chance that multinational breadbasket with there immense power may rule the world.What could this research shed light on-The research mainly concentrates on finding the positive and nix impacts of globalization on Indian economy, talking about reforms, mentioning some important stats and figures, casual analysis of various factors influencing the country, etc.Background section-In the early 1990s Indian economy had experienced major policy changes. The economic reform known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed to wanton away the Indian economy, the fastest growing economy and also to make it globally competitive. The series of reforms implemented with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient.July 1991 has led to a new start for India. This period of economic changes has had a tremendous impact on the overall learning of almost all major sectors of the economy.Globalization has changed the mindset of Indian people. It has changed the traditional values such as self reliance and socialistic policies of economic development that were mainly created to economic backwardness, inefficiency of the economy and also some other problems which were created since the emancipation in 1947. Despite of such obstacles, India has al paths had the potential to be on the fast track to prosperity.Literature Review-There have been many authors who have commented on the topic Impact of Globalization on the economy. Let us take a close look at the ideas of such authors.In the entertain by Jeffrey A. Frankel (1998), named The regionalization of the world economy, he gave a brief idea about the free trade areas, custom unions and custom blocs that are prevalent in the entire world. He further said that Regionalization is the base which makes more economists hopeful about the opportunities that it may create in the near future, whereas it creates fear in the minds of others- making them think about the efforts it may take to encourage global free trade. The book provides answers to questions like- the uttermost of regional arrangements having affected the patterns of trade, maintains the safety effects for the arrangements and it also explains the economic effects on patterns of trade, via price differentiations or gravity models.In the book by Robert Boyer and Daniel Drache (1996), named States against markets the limits of globalization, they commented that As the countries are making efforts to increase their exports this has indirectly led to crossing of national-borders and becoming dependent on other countries to satisfy their wants. Some important points discussed in the book are- clarification of whether globalization is a development or not, fu rther it assesses the success of globalization as a media of convergence and uniformity across nations, it provides update on Hayek vs. Keynes debate and also helps to provide best benefits to the entire world.In the book by K R Gupta (1996), named Liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy (Volume 1), he comments that it has been a long time since the abut of Liberalisation and Globalisation was started in India in 1991. In the book he has examined the achievements and failures of economic reforms throughout this period, and has also do some suggestions to improve them. The book also presents the roles to be played by all states in accelerating the developments of the country as a whole. It describes the economic reforms of other countries from which India can learn a lot, it analyses the impact of reforms on the agricultural cottage and small scale sector and suggests a greater attention towards these sectors.In the book by Satyendra S. Nayak (2009) named Globalization a nd the Indian economy Roadmap to interchangeable rupee, he examines the impact of globalization on the Indian economy- in respect to the trade, investment and financial aspects, he has also considered the balance of payment and exchange rate. In the first part of the book- he mentions the role played by the US in undergoing the globalization process, he also provides detailed analysis of monetary system. In the second part of the book- the author explains the Indian economic systems and its process of dealing with the globalization he has given a brief idea regarding the economic reforms and state of liberalisation in India. Finally the author examines whether the Indian currency- rupee can be made fully convertible or not. seek Questions-Based on the purpose of this research the primary question will beWill Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization help India to achieve double-quick growth and progress in future as well.What impact will the MNCs have on the growth and devel opment of under-developed and developing countries?What were the important reforms undertaken by India in the early nineties as a part of liberalisation and globalization strategy?Research Design AND METHODOLOGYCollis and Hussey (2003 pg 113) defines a research design as a science of planning procedures for conducting studies to get the most valid findings. A research design is an important step for a research proposalResearch process can have different design and different methods can be used depending on the chosen subject what is being analysed.The research process is used to define the research strategy of the teach in detail. Figure 1 describes a generic research process onion that supports the researcher to supply the issues underlying the choice of data collection methods (Saunders et al 2000 84)Figure 1. Research process onionhttp//www.thesisexpress.com/images/fig3.jpg Accessed 15th May 2009.The layers of the research onion represent the imitateers aspects Research philo sophy Research approach Research strategy, methodology Time horizons and Data collection methodsThe research onion gives an overview, how one can achieve its objectives by using the techniques in each layer of the onion.This research proposal aims to take a closer look on market segmentation, package design, brand development and assessment, and understanding various processes, including consumers decision-making processes. The research design, philosophy of this proposal will be framed more within the qualitative (phenomenological paradigm) methodology. But in order to best understand the study respondents, to optimize the data collection process, to increase both the breadth and width of data collection requires the use of mixed methods.The main differences among them and what they are focussed on can be seen in table 1.Table1.Quantitative / Positivist paradigmQualitative/ Phenomenological paradigmOlder tradition derived from scientific enquiryDeveloped from research into human experienceData take the form of numbersData take the form of non-numbersReality is assumed to be a fixed conceptReality is assumed to alter according to perspectiveResearcher maintains objectivity, remains aloof and distant from the researchedThere is interaction amongst researcher and researched, possibly to the extent of inter-subjectivity where both collaborate on the work as a wholeEnsuring reliability means that the work may be repeated with the same findingsReliability may not be possible with human experiences. It is less importantLarge representative samplesSmall samples not necessarily representativeValidity may be lowGreat importance placed on validity- the truth or trustworthiness of the researchFindings to be talk to whole population studiedFindings not generalisable may be transferable in certain circumstancesDeductive or hypothetico- deductive stance-tests pre-set theories and hypothesesInductive stance develops theory from observationartificial research setting, co ntrolled by the researchernatural setting for the researchedSource Lecture notes by Jonathan KnowlesThere are two main research approaches deduction and induction. With deduction a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) are developed and a research strategy designed to test the hypothesis. With induction, theory would follow data rather than vice versa as with deduction.Major differences between deductive and inducive approaches to research areTable 2DeductionInductionscientific principlesGaining an understanding of the meanings globe attach to eventsMoving from theory to dataNeed to explain casual relationships between variablesClose understanding of the research context collecting of quantitative dataCollection of qualitative dataApplication of controls to retard validity of dataRealization that the researcher is part the research processOperationalisation of concepts to ensure clarity of definitionMore flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis as the research pro gressesHighly structured approach . Researcher independence of what is being researchedLess concern with the need to generalizeNecessity to select samples of sufficient size in order to generalize conclusionsSource Saunders et all, 2007, p.120This proposal follows the inductive approach where data is self-collected and the theory is developed as result of the data analysis. Through the interviews, access will be gained to the understanding of meaning that humans attach to the events. The objective for using the inductive approach is to ensure that all angles are covered in terms of understanding the deeper structure of the research problem.The adjoining step is to choose the strategy, methodology which is going to be used. According to Saunders et all (2007, p.135), any of these strategies can be used Experiment Survey Case study Action research Grounded theory Ethnography Archival researchFor the purpose of this research proposal the grounded theory methodology will be used. Grou nded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) is a great deal thought of as the best example of the inductive approach. It helps in theory building through a combination of induction and deduction. A grounded theory strategy is, according to Goulding (2002), is helpful for research to predict and explain behaviour, the emphasis being upon developing and building theory. Constant references to the data to develop and test theory leads Collis and Hussey (2003) to call in grounded theory an inductive/deductive approach, theory being grounded in such continual references to the data.Data collection methods are an integral part of research design. There are several data collection methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research.Data can be collected in a variety of ways and from different sources. Data collection methods include interviews- face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, computer-assisted interviews, and interviews through the electronic media, surveys, questionnaires that are either personally administered, sent through the mail, or electronically administered, observation of individuals and events with or without videotaping or audio recording and a variety of other motivational techniques such as projective tests.Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and surveys are the three main data collection methods followed in this research.Timescale-Its important to develop a time plan for the research to lead to a prospering dissertation. For this reason the Gantt chart (developed by Henry Gantt, 1917) can be used. A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time. It is a usable tool for planning and scheduling projects as well as monitoring a projects progress. A Gantt chart lets us see how remedial action may bring the project back on course.Table 3Target dateJanuary-FebruaryStart thinking abo ut research topicEnd February position research problem, finalize objectivesMarchDevise research approachMarch-end JulyCollecting data, read booksJune- SeptemberAnalysing and interpretation of dataBy half SeptemberDraft finding chapters13th August- 5th NovemberAppointments with supervisorBy 12th NovemberRevise draft, writing format for submissionBy 16th NovemberPrint, bind forwards 23rd NovemberSubmitAdapted from Saunders et al., 2007, p.41Resources-The resources required for this research may be categorized as finance, data access and equipment. The financial expenses for this research will not be too high. However, because of the research is mainly focused on India, it will be necessary to cover travel expenses which may occur in slickness of personal interview, but thanks to low cost airlines, it would be still affordable. Internet has provided most of the information about this subject. Internet access is available at the university campus. Other minor expenses are expected fo r photocopying or printing and posting questionnaires. The main equipment used will be PC, printer and recorder.Access to study population-In this research data will be collected from Primary source due to its validity as well as secondary data to supplement the primary data. The primary data will be collected by conducting survey using questionnaire technique among income groups and various age.The questionnaire will be check over for completion and interviewing quality. Editing is the review of the questionnaire with the objective of increasing accuracy and precision. There are several sources of secondary data, including books and periodicals, government publications of economic indicators, census data, Statistical Abstracts. good Issues-When doing research it is always important that all parties in research should exhibit ethical behaviour. Ethics are norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. The goal of ethi cs in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities.There are six primal principles of ethical research that will be addressed, whenever applicable- Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity and quality- Research staff and subjects must be inform fully about the purpose, methods and intended possible uses of the research, what their participation in the research entails and what risks, if any, are involved.- The confidentiality of information supplied by research subjects and the anonymity of respondents must be respected- Research participants must participate in a voluntary way, free from any coercion- Harm to research participants must be avoided- The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicithttp//www.esrc.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/ESRC_Re_Ethics_Frame_tcm6-11291.pdf Accessed 16th May 2009.Analysis/Interpretation of the Data-For thi s research, a probability sampling technique will be used to answer the research questions and achieve objectives. The possible sampling techniques used will be bedded random and cluster. According to Saunders et al (2007, pg 221) stratified random sampling involves division of population into two or more relevant and significant strata based on one or more number of attributes. Further division of the population into series of relevant strata will ensure that the samples are more likely to be representative of the different customers in India. The data collected from the questionnaire will be neatly presented, analysed, and interpreted using pie-charts, bar graphs in the most efficient way to have the better understanding of the results.ConclusionThe main purpose of this research proposal was to identify and analyze the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. It also helped to determine the positive and negative impacts on globalization. This proposal helped me to identify the main objectives, questions and problems which this research may concentrate on the literature review gave me the idea regarding the literature sources available- that will be enlarged by following research for the dissertation. Design and methodology stage helped to create the framework of possibilities and methods useful to achieve the specified objectives. It helped me to make a proper plan to undertake the research within the time available and to make sure that the results are in relation to knowledge and understanding.ReferencesMalik T, 2004. Impact of globalization on Indian economy accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source http//www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp)Irving Fisher Group, 2003. Indian economy and globalization accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source http//www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/globalization-and-indian-economy-1095107)Balakrishnan C, 2004. Impact of globalization on developing countries and India accessed on April 29, 2010 (So urce http//economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm)Trade Chakra accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source http//www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/globalization.html)Goyal K, 2003. Impact of globalization on developing countries (with special reference to India) accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source http//www.eurojournals.com/IRJFE%206%20goyal.pdf)Pavcnik N, October 26, 2006. Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries accessed on May 3, 2010 (Source http//www.princeton.edu/pennykg/JEL_Globalization.pdf)Kaitila V. Economic globalization in developing countries accessed on May 5, 2010 (Source http//www.etla.fi/files/918_FES_02_3_developing_countries.pdf0)Research papers. Globalization can have a negative impact on developing economy (Source http//www.oppapers.com/essays/Globalization-Can-Have-Negative-Impact-Developing/145452)