Small Medium Enterprises Implementations

Question: Examine about the Small Medium Enterprises Implementations. Answer: Presentation The reports of the past information mirror that pretty much every size of business substance is executing the bookkeeping programming to keep up a total track of the inside and the outside database. In the structure of the current headline Abusaimeh (2014) mirrors that the dispersion and the turn of events, bookkeeping programming in the Australian market have changed the whole database record framework. The organizations have gotten profoundly subject to the affecting interior procedure of the bookkeeping programming in the Australian market. Yilmaz (2015) made sense of that the Australian elements generally utilize the finance and the bookkeeping programming bundles. The overview, led over the SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) mirrors the 85% of the associations favor utilizing the bookkeeping programming to keep up an exact base of inward and outer records. In any case, Yilmaz (2015) confirmed that the moderate entrepreneurs and the one with the restricted specialized information are relied upon to proceed with the conventional specialized procedure. In any case, contending the last setting, Parthasarathy and Sharma (2016) attested that the business people select a few experts in the IT (Information Technology) division to remain refreshed with the cutting edge data base. Consequently, the business visionaries educate the control unit to examine on the suitability of the IT programming proposed by the IT individual. By the inputs, the specialized programming is executed inside the inner procedure. Along these lines, the significance of the bookkeeping programming is profoundly perceived by both the preservationist and the advanced business people. The current examination means to decide the adequacy of the bookkeeping programming and the market chiefs working in the particular division. History and the improvement of the bookkeeping programming In the late 1950 and mid 1960, the Mega Corporation has taken the activities of dealing with the information that matched the prerequisites of the administering authority (Yilmaz, 2015). The enterprise has confronted a few issues in taking care of the database in the financially savvy programming. Because of the redundant and overwhelming volume of the money related and bookkeeping information, the database has become the prime contender for the robotization method. IBM built up the underlying programming language by framing an objective database and put away the organized information inside the PCs. Subsequently, the clients experienced less issue with respect to the information openness strategy. As indicated by Abusaimeh (2014), SAP has been created in 1973, which planned the product offerings with the particular techniques to expand the quickness in the database following framework. The premier goal behind executing the product is to have fast access to the database, settling the calculations, arranging the complexities in the database and getting to the database in a successive way. In 1981, Peachtree offered the underlying incorporated office suite, where the word processor and exceed expectations sheet were incorporated. In addition, Intuit has additionally found its first spreadsheet, which the clients find viably valuable to keep up the database. A portion of the spreadsheets were connected with the exceed expectations record, where the clients can apply the information in the spreadsheets and keep a reinforcement of the database inside the Excel sheets. Bookkeeping programming projects advertise size in the Australian district Intuit, MYOB and Xero are significant market pioneers of bookkeeping programming in the Australian market. In the specific induction, Yilmaz (2015) determined that zero has its activity in the worldwide setting, though, MYOB has its activity single in the residential area. The administration of the endeavor has announced to have caught 15% of the offer broadly. The character additionally asserted of having a critical energy of the dynamic working environment with a complete base of 250,000 clients and 10,000 accomplices (Parthasarathy and Sharma, 2016). Figure 1: Xeros showcase cost (Source: www.afr.com, 2016) In the current setting, Wu and Cao (2016) established that offer cost of Xero has shut at $17.75. The cost has reached to the most extreme edge of $25.60 in March 2016. On the other hand, Parthasarathy and Sharma (2016) stated that the Intuit has figured out how to catch 80% of the Australian market with its QuickBooks application. Despite what might be expected, a derivation can be inferred that MYOB has figured out how to expand its offer cost inside the scope of $ 831.7 to $ 833.8million, which mirrors a characteristic value scope of $3 - $4 in the IPO setting (www.afr.com, 2016). The past reports additionally confirm that nearly $250 million of the new companies are utilizing the Xero programming for the database following reason. The market heads in the bookkeeping programming section Xero restrictive figures out how to devour 65% of the Australian piece of the pie in the bookkeeping programming division, though MIYO has caught just 20% of the offers and the forgot about figure is locked in by different ventures (Protogeros et al. 2011). Bookkeeping programming isn't just constrained to the stock following and record the executives reason, yet it has likewise developed to the degree of giving the cloud-based administrations to the organizations with worthwhile administrations (www.businessinsider.com.au, 2016). Intuit has figured out how to catch 80% of the Australian market with its QuickBooks application (Abusaimeh, 2014). Xero is a New Zealand based venture that has transformed into an Australian monster for the bookkeeping programming fragment. It has figured out how to accumulate 400,000 clients everywhere throughout the world and continued with $240 billion of exchanges and 95 million of receipt. Elements that are driving the endeavors to achieve the serious situating Stock administration: The bookkeeping programming bundle frequently encourages the venture with the stock information the board framework. This product keeps the nitty gritty record of the items and the administrations. Beginning from the creation to the dissemination of the item is overseen and put away in the framework. The items like the crude materials, the gear and devices, the deals based records, everything is overseen strongly in the particular framework. Because of its simple usefulness, the product turns out to be anything but difficult to get to (www.afr.com, 2016). Finance the executives The product keeps up the money related records, yet it involves on the differentiated practical procedure. As indicated by Yilmaz (2015), the HR faculty can keep up the whole seconds of the inner assets and the remuneration division of every one of the representatives. Subsequently, most of the SMEs and the very much created associations are taking the assistance of the bookkeeping programming to have an information precision reinforcement. Difficulties and issues looked by the clients with the bookkeeping programming Bookkeeping programming is exceptionally advantageous for making and executing a strong information the board framework. Directly, it has been discovered that the bookkeeping programming is giving such a large number of issues to the clients. Absence of Security The product designers are a lot of worried about the security of information. It has been seen that the whole little and large specialty unit are right now utilizing bookkeeping programming and tending to switch towards the cloud-based framework (Ciftci, 2010). Henceforth, absence of information security comes before the framework as the firewalls need more capacity to take care of the whole issues. The wasteful assistance of the firewall and alongside wasteful help of the product makes the information security issues. In the assessment of Krishnan and Wang (2014), some bookkeeping programming items are not easy to use and don't allow the clients to utilize the console and mouse. Along these lines, absence of proficiency is the other significant purpose behind giving low security. Feeble Reporting Services The bookkeeping programming arrangement is feeble in helping the clients and different customers while the individuals need to get back the necessary data (Protogeros et al. 2011). In this way, the clients get disturbed as it isn't easy to bring out the information. The other bookkeeping programming doesn't permit the product items to recover the information or import the information according to the need. Proposals to improve the above issues day in and day out Technical backings It is basic to determine the issues of the clients related with bookkeeping programming inside one business day. The bookkeeping programming producing firm would need to employ a group who bolster the customers separated from the business hours (Tankard, 2012). The help group needs to give a contact number to reach the clients for fixing the issues on a quick premise. As indicated by the assessment of Yilmaz (2015), the best help is consistently an eye to eye meeting. In any case, now and again, support through the call could be increasingly proper to make sure about the issues of the customers. This procedure would likewise be useful to improve the client relationship the board of the association. Improve the product equivalence Considering the assessment of Krishnan and Wang (2014), it has been seen that many bookkeeping programming isn't good with the other programming programs. For a model, the product engineer would require improving the information import and fare framework, with the goal that the clients could without much of a stretch recover the necessary information. It has been distinguished that there are numerous projects which can without much of a stretch recover the informational collection according to the necessity (Yilmaz, 2015). Consequently, the designers of bookkeeping programming would need to reproduce the highlights of the product for improving the product equivalence. End The starter examination of the investigation shows that the bookkeeping programming is exceptionally a helpful programming project to deal with the informational index. While directing the examination, history of bookkeeping programming in Australia has been dissected in the exploration. It has been theorized that Xero, Intuit and MYOB are the market chiefs in Australian bookkeeping programming market. These associations have a gigantic turnover for building up a reasonable market position.

Characteristics of tea Essay

The issue of solid ways of life has significantly added to showcasing and is turning into a significant factor of current lives. Today numerous organizations guarantee potential medical advantages from tea drinking. Therefore, large providers focused on the wellbeing familiarity with buyers and have situated their showcasing systems to boost this potential. For example, Tetley has collaborated with St. Ivel and Warburtons to build up a site focused on solid living. In 2002 PG Tips’ bundling has been overhauled to underscore ‘healthy’ attributes of tea. It advises the customer that tea is a cancer prevention agent source. Cell reinforcement in tea, alleged ‘flavonoids’, are as far as anyone knows imperative for a sound eating routine. Then again, specialists from the University Dental Hospital of Manchester have discovered that specific teas [especially home grown tea] may wreck teeth by dissolving lacquer [Published in the Journal of Dentistry and Daily Mail 19/11/2001]. Notwithstanding underscoring medical problems, KJM nourishments will separate by taking advantage of another human need: unwinding and harmony. The pace of life is quickening and these days numerous individuals gripe about extremely quick and feverish ways of life. Individuals in today’s world scarcely have whenever to unwind or be for themselves. Promoting messages should play upon this absence of time and opportunity and underscore on the ‘relaxing ritual’ of preparing tea and getting a charge out of ‘a cuppa’. As per Mintel, customers are progressively ready to pay for items and administrations which furnish them with all the more spare time and which make life simpler. There is a general pattern to be seen: one takes a pay slice back so as to have additional time, or moves into rural areas to live calmer, individuals escape into nature, investigate the universe of ‘Yoga’, participate in ‘Relaxation classes’, do ‘Aromatherapy’, etc. ‘SOUL’ tea consummately fits into this new way of life pattern and its publicizing and bundling will accentuate SOUL’s loosening up character and clarify that diverse mixture times will have various impacts. For instance, the bundling will train to expand mixture time so as to change the typical impacts of tea into emphatically unwinding and calming impacts. This is a specialty the other large brands are not considering at present. The ‘Brand Steering Wheel’ by ‘Icon Brand Navigation Ltd. ‘ according to addendum 4 sums up the ideal impression of SOUL by its objective gatherings. It shows all parts of the brand’s personality and will be utilized in this report as a future-situated situating stage supporting to drive KJM’s promoting and duplicate system.

Warning Signs of Domestic Abuse

Warning Signs of Domestic Abuse Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Top Warning Signs of Domestic Abuse By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 21, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2019 Kittisak Jirasittichai / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ In This Article Table of Contents Expand Physical Emotional Behavioral Changes What Control Looks Like View All Back To Top Some of the signs of domestic abuse, such as physical marks, may be easy to identify. Others may be things you can easily explain away or overlookâ€"say, chalking up a friends skipping out on an activity you once enjoyed together as being due to a simple loss of interest. Domestic abuse affects each person differently, but it impacts everyone both physically and psychologically. Its often an aggregate of related signs of domestic abuse that tip someone off that a person is at risk. Domestic abuse can happen to anyone regardless of their social, educational, or financial status. While red flags arent always proof that someone is being mistreated in this way, they are worth knowing. Many who are abused may try to cover up what is happening to them for a variety of reasons, and it goes without saying that these individuals could benefit from help. Physical Signs of Abuse If someone is being physically abused, they will likely have frequent bruises or physical injuries consistent with being punched, choked, or knocked downâ€"and theyll likely have a weak or inconsistent explanation for these injuries. Some signs of physical abuse include: Black eyesBusted lipsRed or purple marks on the neckSprained wristsBruises on the arms Its also common for someone to try to cover up the physical signs with clothing. For example, you may notice that someone you care about is wearing long sleeves or scarves in the hot summer. Wearing heavier than normal makeup or donning sunglasses inside  are also common signs of domestic abuse. Abuse occurs when one person in a relationship attempts to dominate and control the other person. Usually, the control begins with psychological or emotional abuse, then escalates to physical abuse. When domestic abuse includes physical violence, its termed domestic violence. Emotional Signs of Abuse Domestic abuse, of course, can take a serious emotional toll, creating a sense of helplessness, hopelessness, or despair. Domestic abuse can cause people to believe that they will never escape the control of the abuser. They may also exhibit a  constant state of alertness to the point they never can completely relax. Other emotional signs of abuse include: Low self-esteemExtremely apologetic or meekSeeming fearfulChanges in sleep habits (sleeping too much or not enough)Agitation, anxiety, or constant apprehensionDeveloping a drug or alcohol problemSymptoms of depressionLoss of interest in daily activitiesTalking about or attempting suicide These symptoms, of course, could be due to many other conditions or factors, but they are typical of domestic abuse victims who feel they are trapped in an abusive relationship. Behavioral Changes If you notice that someone who was once outgoing and cheerful has gradually become quiet and withdrawn, it could be a sign of domestic abuse. You may notice that the person: Is reserved and distantDrops out of activities they would usually enjoyCancels appointments or meetings with you at the last minuteIs often late to work or other appointmentsExhibits excessive privacy concerning their personal life or the person with whom theyre in a relationshipBegins isolating themselves by cutting off contacts with friends and family members Exhibitions of Fear People who are being abused may seem anxious or nervous when they are away from the abuser, or they may seem overly anxious to please their partner. If they have children, the children may seem timid, frightened, or extremely well-behaved when the partner is around. Although victims may not talk about the actual abuse, they might refer to the abuser as moody or having a bad temper. They may reveal that the partner is particularly bad-tempered when drinking alcohol. Sometimes, the fear a victim of abuse experiences is so intense they feel paralyzed to make decisions or to even protect themselves or their children. When the fear gets to that point, they will even turn down help offered to them by friends, family, or even professional protective services. What Control Looks Like Domestic abuse is not about violence, its all about control. If you notice that someone seems to be controlled or extremely manipulated in all areas of their life, it could be a sign they are being abused at some level. Here are some examples of control: Asking permission to go anywhere or to meet and socialize with other peopleReferring to their partner as jealous or possessive, or always accusing them of having affairsTheir partner constantly calls or texts them wanting to know where they are, what they are doing, and who they are with. The partner may even follow the victim to check up on them.Having very little money available to them, not having access to a credit card, or having to account for every penny spentNot having access to a vehicle Do You Need Help? If you are experiencing domestic abuse and these signs are all too familiar, know that whats happening to you is not your fault. You are not alone and help is available. Call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 for assistance. A Word From Verywell Helping someone who is the victim of domestic abuse is a delicate matter. By learning some of the warning signs, you can feel more comfortable offering a sympathetic ear and seizing the opportunity to help a victim of domestic abuse or violence.

The Genius Of Rubrics Is A Coherent Set Of Criteria

A rubric is a coherent set of criteria for students work that includes descriptions of levels of performance quality on the criteria. Sounds simple enough, right? Unfortunately, this definition of rubric is rarely demonstrated in practice. The Internet, for example, offers many rubrics that do not, in fact, describe performance. I think I know why that might be and will explain that in Chapter 2, but for now let s start with the positive. It should be clear from the definition that rubrics have two major aspects: coherent sets of criteria and descriptions of levels of performance for these criteria. The genius of rubrics is that they are descriptive and not evaluative. Of course, rubrics can be used to evaluate, but the operating principle is you match the performance to the description rather than judge it. Thus rubrics are as good or bad as the criteria selected and the descriptions of the levels of performance under each. Effective rubrics have appropriate criteria and well-written descriptions of performance. Exemplars performance tasks in Math, Science and Writing are designed to improve assessment and instruction while meeting state, national and Common Core standards. Exemplars rubrics and anchor papers provide both teachers and administrators with a way of assessing students problem-solving skills, science-process skills, writing skills and communication skills. To assist our users as well as other interested parties, Exemplars has collected researchShow MoreRelatedMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagescognitive capacity people are born with. This capacity can be easily measured by short-answer tests. According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is: - The ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a culture; - A set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve problems in life; - The potential for finding or creating solutions for problems, which involves gathering new knowledge. An educational system based on national standards and efficient, relativelyRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastas, marijuana, which is illegal in Jamaica, is a sacrament for worship. 6. Rastas regard western society as part of Babylon—a system and a place that is the enemy of the blacks of the world. FOREWORD ix 7. There is still no organized set of doctrines and teachings that constitute Rastafarianism, and no organized Rastafarian church, temple, or worship space exists. 8. There are numerous sects and groupings of Rastafarians, each holding to its own belief system and structure. 9. RastafarianismRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTransitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year

Comparing the Reigns of Julian and Constantius Essay

For a ruler to be successful, certain characteristics must be present in that specific person. There are many variances to the cookie-cut emperor, though they all share similar passions. For instance, while one ruler emphasizes trade routes and commercial power for expansion of their legion, another may emphasize war and destruction only to rebuild their own version of their legion in the place that had been won. Although both rulers have very different manners and ideas about how to expand their empire, both have the same wish to be fulfilled. This kind of contradiction of power and reason is very implemented into the storyline of Julian. Between Julian and Constantius, they both attempt to reform the state religion, but are at†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Julian was Constantius kryptonite. Julian who, at a young age is very submissive and obedient follows the reign of Constantius for his own safety. Struck with fear from the death of his father, Julian ne ver reveals his true beliefs until the proper moment. Sly and witty with his life, Julian makes alliances with other paganistic believers as he ventures into philosophy and sciences, only to suppress his wishes on being any sort of leader. With mentors and friends like that of Oribasius, Libanius, and Priscus, Julian is molded into a very intelligent person; His intelligence with the sciences assist him greatly later on in his persecutions of the Christian faith. Julian is successful at keeping his secrets regarding his true beliefs, which keep him in the good graces of Constantius, ensuring his protection into adulthood. After the death of his brother, Julian was promoted to Caesar due to the necessity of command for the armed forces [pp 184-185]. Being a natural at military command, Julian was able to experience what power can do to a person. With his successes against the Germans, the people who fought under his Caesar-ship revolted at the order of Constantius and forced Ju lian to the seat of Augustus [pp 257-262]. Julian still remained careful in his choices, nearly refusing his newly appointed position at first and still claiming Christian faith, at least until

Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care Free Essays

string(148) " have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated\." Title: A 3000 words essay critically reviewing a service user’s journey through their experience of care In this essay I will critically evaluate a resident by the name of Tom Journey with dementia. He suffers from Alzheimer’s dementia and lives in sheltered housing. I will explore issues surrounding nutrition intake, wandering, communication, incontinence and the environment that affect the client, family and staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will then look at the assessment process, care planning, implementing and evaluation. I will explore patient safety, intervention and the processes that managers and professionals have to undertake when managing individuals with dementia. These interventions and approaches adopted are vital when planning person centred care. In addition, due to the policy of confidentiality I would not mention the name of the organisation and persons involved. The essay will end with a conclusion and a summary. According to Mathers and Leanardi (2000), â€Å"Dementia is a syndrome caused by a range of illnesses and currently many are incurable, and cause progressive, irreversible brain damage. They include Alzheimer’s disease (the most common cause), vascular disease, frontal lobe dementia and Lewy Body disease. Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, difficulties with language, judgement, insight and failure to recognise people, disorientation, mood changes, hallucinations, delusions, and the gradual loss of ability to perform all tasks of daily living†,( Mathers and Leanardi, 2000). Mace and Rabin (1999) highlighted that, â€Å"the word dementia originated from two Latin words which mean â€Å"away and mind†. This can indicate a loss of memory inability to function effectively, which can result in mental confusion†. Jack is a seventy year old man with dementia. He lives in sheltered housing. He has four children two sons and two daughters. He was moved from his home into sheltered accommodation after the death of his wife Mary. His condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed extra support to live at home safely. The family was unable to adequately provide for Jack’s needs, so they decided to re-house him. The family brought Jack with them to view the flat before he was moved in. This allowed Jack the opportunity to meet the staff and get familiar with the new environment. He was brought in by is son and daughter, but his son stayed with him in the guest room for a few days to get him settled and feel comfortable. Jack was showing early signs of dementia as his communication was not clear at times and often his speech was muddled. Furthermore, his memory was poor at first as he kept asking for his wife repeatedly for examples, † where am I†, â€Å"whose house is thisâ₠¬ , and â€Å"why am I here†. Also his nutrition was an issue as he was not eating his meals and often said he was not hungry or he would eat later. He would sometimes say take it away and feed the pigeon. Food would turn up in various places like bins, in drawers and even in his bed. Mace and Rabins (1999) mentioned that eating alone can contribute to or worsen their confusion. Incontinence was also a big concern for staff as he was constantly wet and soiled with faeces. He would choose places not suitable to use for toileting, removing his protective clothing. He was also hiding dirty soiled clothes in inappropriate places. Moreover, getting his personal care done was a big task as he was not cooperative. Beatie et al, (2005) stated that people with dementia do not know that they are not being cooperative with certain basic tasks. This could be related to my client as I observed these issues on many occasions. All these conditions have been highlighted by (Kitwood, 1997). With regard to incontinence, Parker (2000) supported that because of the dying of the brain cells, a person like Jack will not be able to independently identify the message the brain is conveying about the bowel. This problem was identified with Jack. Jack, as supported by Parker (2000) should be encouraged to use the toilet before and after consuming meals and drinks and should also have a regular pad change. Parker 2000 also cited that when any person in a state like that of Jack is constipated or having sluggish bowel movement, they should be offered medication like suppositories and if this does not work they should be supported by observation. When dealing with Jack who does not have mental capacity it is important to observe his actions. When he is in need of toileting he can exhibit the following actions which are non verbal such as pulling down or removing pants, or opening his fly. These actions are likely to suggest that he wants to use the toilet. Mace and Rabins (1999) argued that it can be very difficult for practitioners to achieve appropriate assessments when they are dealing with persons who are living in an independent setting. My assessment highlighted many problems such as personal care, poor memory, poor nutrition intake, urinary incontinence, poor communication and wandering about all the time. However, this was more pronounced in the evenings. Morris and Morris (2010), Kitwood, (1997) and Algage (2006), have highlighted this problem to be â€Å"sundown syndrome†. According to Leblance (2011) he described this as onset of confusion that occurs in late afternoon and night time. Algage (2006) further stated that wandering is a way of communicating in a non verbal form by using action to correspond with others. Moreover Beatie et al, (2005) argued that patients with dementia may not be able to read signs. For example factors like the environment may cause them to be distressed and might put them at risk, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Some residents like Jack may have limited communication ability to verbalise what they want to do, so they just show action as a way of communicating. For example, the sign posts, symbols and photographic pictures might not appeal to them because of their limited ability to focus on details, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Beatie et al, (2005) and Fox and Wilson (2007) have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated. You read "Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care" in category "Essay examples" More so, Beatie et al, (2005) mentioned that these factors might cause a patient to wander because if they feel lonely and anxious for a long period of time. They might want to find something to engage in. A person with dementia might find it difficult to sit down. For example in my observations I feel that Jack was living in a community where he had friends and family to socialise with and moving to a new place was somehow upsetting for him. Likewise changes might have caused Jack’s more loss of memory and this could be another reason why he failed to adjust to his new surrounding as cited in Mace and Rabins (1999). Moreover, in this sheltered housing there are no facilities like shops and recreational facilities as it is in a secluded area. Knockers (2000) mentioned about daily living activities that could have been useful to a patient with dementia like Jack. In my opinion, this would have given Jack the opportunity to engage with other residents. This would have been a great way of socialising, chatting, enjoyment and given him a purpose in life and most of all engaging his time and stop him from wondering so frequently. According to Cheston and Bender (1999) and Innes et al, (2000) the DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is a precise framework that is important to assess patients with dementia. The DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is an observational tool which is used in a professional setting. This tool could have been useful to Jack if he was living in suitable housing that meets his needs (Kitwood 1997, Shels 2007 and Fox and Wilson, 2000), Mace and Rabins (1999) mention that MME (Mini Mental Examination) also known as the â€Å"mini mental† is one of the tools that are used to screen an individual’s mental ability at the onset of dementia. This tool is also known as the performance tool that allows five minutes to perform a set of precise tasks. This entails a maximum score of thirty answers to questions given. â€Å"Some of the questions are, do you know what day it is, date, month and the time, do you know what country you live, and the town. Can you spell the word â€Å"world† backwards, can you write a sentence†. Likewise, In Jack’s case he was assessed using this tool to get a precise answer to see what he can independently do for himself. In addition, Fox and Wilson (2007) argued that the assessment processes should be compiled into a feedback statement. This information should be given at the beginning and end of the assessment. Chester and Bender (2000) mentioned that feedback should be given in both oral and written statement. This is necessary for the patient and their family to adjust and come to terms with their illness, and deal with their emotions. According to Carmody and Forester (2003) the main areas of care planning are assessment, planning, evaluation, implementation and evaluation. Care plans are legal documents which should be reviewed on a regular basis for accuracy. Jack’s care plan contains some important information such as his name, date of birth, address and all information recorded was signed and dated. Likewise, May et al (2003) mentioned that a care plan should be compiled and put together the persons needs and deeds. Jack’s care plan was fully supported and some of the information included was his life history, lifestyle, health, personality, and preferences, present and future wishes. Jack’s capacity, cognitive ability and the stages he was at present were documented. Jack’s care plan contains three columns. The left column was to record Jack’s needs, the middle column gives precise information for cares to comply with, whilst the right column is to record information, sign, date and reviews (May et al, 2003). May et al, (2003) proposed that the enriched care planning was developed from the enriched model of dementia by (Kitwood, 1997). Jack care plan consists of five core areas which are reviewing, profiling, implementation, identifying needs and documenting needs. Jack care plan was fully supported by the carers. In Jack’s case his care plan was reviewed with the social worker, general practitioner, occupational therapist, dietician, warden, care manager and family and myself who is his key worker. This set out clear instructions for staff on how to personalise care for Jack. This includes, monitoring and assessing changes in his toileting, nutritional intake, communication, health and wandering. Four main calls were put in place for his main meals and regular checks to stop him from feeling lonely. Jack care plan was reviewed and implementation of safety devices was put in action to keep Jack safe. This involves the implementing of sensory aids and equipment that will help to keep him safe at all times and especially during the nights. This included a bed sensor and door activator that goes off when he gets out of bed and when he leaves his flat. This equipment was most useful during the nights. Reflective lighting was also put into place. It would come on at a certain time in the evening. The door bell flashing light let him know when someone was entering his flat. Picture coding colour was put on his fridge door and bedroom door to remind him where to go and what to do. Jacks’ family were in complete denial about his condition and they would often get very upset with him. They thought that their dad was trying to get back at them for moving him. One daughter was constantly fussing over him and telling him off. This made it quite difficult for staff and management to get the assessment process started. The other barrier was the staff members that were not able to support Jack’s family appropriately, as they were not trained adequately in dementia care. Jack’s condition deteriorated rapidly and staff was finding it quite difficult to cope with his demanding and stressful behaviour. Jack was given tablets to keep him calm, however, this medication in my observation was too strong for him and often he would sleep for long periods of time. Staff would have to wake him up for meals and before he finished his meals he would be fast asleep. In work places which are independent based, these facilities are not designed to accommodate people with certain forms of dementia and for this reason it took a longer time for Jack’s needs to be reassessed. Jack’s needs were finally met and then he was admitted to a dementia unit where he was housed, (Carmody and Foster, 2003, Jacques and Jackson, 2000). These factors can become a barrier for professional when implementing care for people living with dementia, (Jacques and Jackson, 2000). In Jack’s case he could have benefitted from the evaluation tool to stimulate communication between staff and himself. This would have prompted his alertness and encouraged communication at meal times as observed by Shiels (2007). With reference to evaluation this process is necessary to get a direct result of Jack’s illness. This will establish how far his condition has deteriorated and the extent of his impairment and functioning. Moreover, this will identify other health problems, so that the necessary treatment and planning can be put in place to address his needs, (Mace and Rabin 1999). Jack had to undertake this evaluation and many tests such as CBC (Complete blood count) which includes a blood chemistry test, checking the liver and kidney for signs of diabetes, vitamin B12 and thyroid level . The VDRL check for syphilis and LP (lumbar puncture) investigates the central nervous system. EEC (electroencephagram) measures the brain activities. CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, SPECT scans which are all important tests can identify the presence of a stroke. Jack was also given a neuropsychological test or the cortical test where they test his memory for writing and reasoning ability, and coordination (Mace and Rabin 1999). A psychiatric and psychosocial evaluation was also conducted by way of interviews with Jack’s family and his friend. This was vital to planning and development of care and this was also supported by a family evaluation to assess and to address their emotional, financial and physical needs, (Carmody and Forster 2003). Jack‘s condition has deteriorated even further and he has started leaving the premises through the back door. There is sensory equipment which is now in place in order to monitor his movements. Jack sometimes presses the button and it raises an alarm with the central control office. The control room staff will then contact the staff on duty to go and attend to Jack and see whether there is anything he needs. In most cases when the staff gets there, Jack will be trying to leave the premises not properly dressed. Examples being dressed in his pyjamas and bed room slippers, wearing a vest without his shirt or wearing his trouser inside out. When the staff try to get Jack to return to his flat he becomes very aggressive, shouting and hitting the staff and refusing to go back. The police on many occasions are called to search for him. AGASE (2006) indicated that wandering is associated with risk factors of getting lost and falls. As highlighted by Hodgkinson et al ( 2007) â€Å"gridlines placed on front door exits, door handles, panic button bars might be an effective way to addresses Jack’s wandering and reduce the risk of escaping†. Carmody and Forster (2003) suggest that a person like Jack can benefit from ADL (Activities of Daily Living) as this will help test his functioning abilities and performance. With regards to communication and Jack’s outburst Phillips and Penhale (1996) argued that some people with dementia like Jack might have poor memory, limited communication ability with others. Jack is unaware of his aggression towards staff. This is not done intentionally as his brain cells are dying. Jack is unaware that he is causing harm to any one as he is simply trying to communicate. Jack will be trying to say why are these people stopping or preventing me from going to see my friends. In my observation Jack was finding it difficult to say the right word, as he was not able to understand what is being said to him. Carmody and Forster (2003) Fox and Wilson (2000) highlighted that the person who is undertaking a communication assessment needs to be a good listener and a competently trained professional. This person needs to have experiences of in dealing with different cases of dementia and know the differences between the different types. Fox and Wilson (2000) mentioned that a person with counselling skills might be able to address the needs of a person with dementia more efficiently. In my opinion, these skills are important when working with customers with dementia. In Jack’s case this would have been more beneficial if staff dealing with him had appropriate counselling skills. They would have been in a position to understand how to communicate with Jack as to achieve effective results. In the long run Jack was finding it more difficult to cope with every day activities. He had suffered a relapse and his condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed more specialist care. He was not coping well and his health and safety was at risk. Jack needs were reassessed and he was no longer capable to live independently any more. Management and social worker were in the process of getting him relocated when he suffered a fall. He was taken to hospital and then he was moved into a residential home that cares for people with dementia. In conclusion, the government acknowledges dementia as a growing problem and has put strategies in place to care for people with dementia. To address Jack’s needs appropriately his care should be person centred. Jack was moved to a new home and this might have contributed to his wandering. His new setting was secluded and he had no friends to communicate or socialise with. This factor could have led to further confusion and made him feel lonely and even depressed. Although Jack was fully supported by the planning, assessment, implementing and evaluation process, his needs were slow to be addressed by the family and this posed as a barrier to Jack getting the care he required. However, the assessment procedure and progress for independent living have to be organised by many professionals. It appears in Jack’s case it was not recognised and dealt with appropriately at times. For example, the process to get a person assessed for dementia in independent housing took a long time. There were other issues and barriers that Jack faced on his journey, even though the government had put these strategies in place to address the needs of people with dementia. In order to address Jack’s needs and that of other people with dementia the professionals need to adapt a person centred approach. Staff needs to be competently trained in dementia care so that they can support family and friends when a person is diagnosed with dementia. Reference Algase,D. L. (2006) What’s new about wandering? An assessment of recent studies 226 -234 [Available at: www. reo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/ 2011). Beatie,E. R. A. Song, J. And LaGore, S. (2005) A comparison of wandering behaviour in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, Research and theory for nursing practice Vol 19 No. 2. 181-196 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Carmody, S. Forster, S. (2003) Nursing older people; a guide to practice in care home. Oxion Radcliff Publishing. Cheston. R. Bender, M. (1999) Understanding dementia: the man with the worried eyes, London. Jessica Kingsley. Fox, M. And Wilson, L. 2000) The centred advocacy for people with dementia, The journal of dementia care Vol 15 No 2. Jacques, A. And Jackson, G. (2000) Understanding dementia, 3rd edn, London, Churchhill Livingston. Hodgkinson, B. Koch, S. Nay R. And Lewis, M. (2007) Managing the wandering behaviour of people in a aged care facility 407-436 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Inness, A. Capstick, A. And Surr, C. (2000)Mapping out framework, The Journal of dementiacare, Vol. 15 Kitwood, T (1997) Dementia reconsidered; The person comes first, Buckingham. Open University Press. Knockers, S. (2007) Capturing the magic of everyday activities, The journal of dementia care. Vol 15 No2 Leblanc, G. J. (2011) staying afloat in a sea of forgetfulness; common sense care giving, Bloomington Xlibris. Parker, T. (2000) Incontinence of faeces: the final frontier? Journal of dementiacare V0L. 8 No2 Phillips, J. and Penhale, B. (1996) Reviewing Care Management for Older People, London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers May, H. Edwards, P. And Brooker , D. (2009) Enriched care planning for people with dementia , London. Jessica Kingsley How to cite Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care, Essay examples

Kelly Clarkson - My December free essay sample

Kelly Clarkson My December, 4/5 stars The former American Idol winners third CD is not without controversy. Before its release, record label mogul Clive Davis publicly denounced support of My December, reportedly offering Clarkson an extra million dollars to record new songs. The reason behind Daviss griping is evident: Clarksons new CD severely lacks the catchy pop tunes that dominated her previous chart-topping records. Instead of appealing to the sugary tween market, My December echoes the raw, angry tones of Alanis Morrisettes classic album Jagged Little Pill. While most of the songs are not as radio-friendly as the girl-power beats from her last albums, My December is by no means a flop. On the contrary, Clarkson fans will likely mark it as their favourite of all her releases. Clarksons expressive vocals shine when paired with an edgy rock beat, ranging from raspy shouts to coy, honeyed whispers. We will write a custom essay sample on Kelly Clarkson My December or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet it is sometimes My Decembers powerful lyrics that take centre-stage. Clarkson penned the entire album, taking from her own experiences with a cheating boyfriend. Clarkson rips angry passages from her diary for the albums first single, ‘Never Again. â€Å"Never again will I touch you. Never again will I kiss you. Never again will I love you. Never!† she bellows, the depth in her voice hinting at a deep anguish beneath her rage. She later reveals a softer persona in ‘Be Still. â€Å"Foolish one with the smile, you dont have to be brave. Ill gladly climb your walls, if youll meet me halfway,† she sings during one of the albums rare, tender moments. The record itself is a bit of an oddity. Clarksons pop-star status hinders her creditability on rock stations, yet My December is too raw for pop and soft-rock radio. While the record is worthy of praise, it does take a few listens to appreciate Clarksons new, mature style. Whether the public has an attention span long enough to allow My December to grow on them, however, is another matter. Highlights of My December include: ‘Never Again: ‘Never Again puts into song the deep anger felt over a cheating lover. The first single off My December, it debuted at no. 8 on the Billboard Top 100, but received little radio airtime. While not immediately catchy, soon youll find yourself humming and jumping along to the songs heavy rock beat. ‘Sober: The tranquil, almost hypnotic quality of ‘Sober is a significant but welcome change from My Decembers heavy sound. The second release from My December, ‘Sober received virtually no airplay and quickly exited the charts. This is unsurprising, given the songs unusual rhythmic sound. It is a beautiful song, however, and impeccably embodies the essence of quiet December night. ‘Be Still: One of the albums few romantic songs, Clarkson whispers to her lover: â€Å"Be still, I already know.† Yet like the rest of her album, the song is bittersweet, as Kelly sings of a crumbling relationship. Her beautiful voice is fully displayed on this track, gently echoing the clear notes of a bell. ‘Yeah: One of the records standout tracks, ‘Yeah should have been a single. Its catchy, tongue-in-cheek chorus compares to Clarksons Breakaway hit ‘Since You Been Gone, yet with a less over-produced sound. Chivas (hidden track): ‘Chivas is an unlisted track that plays one minute and 25 seconds after My Decembers last song, ‘Irvine. An acoustic song about drowning ones sorrows after a breakup, ‘Chivas is humourous and light-hearted. When Clarkson proudly proclaims to her audience: Its hard not to look, I know. Im amaz-zing-ingg, who are we to argue?

Free Essays on Platos Apology

Plato’s Apology Socrates was a very simple man who did not have many material possessions and spoke in a plain, conversational manner. Acknowledging his own ignorance, he engaged in conversations with people claiming to be experts, usually in ethical matters. By asking simple questions, Socrates gradually revealed that these people were in fact very confused and did not actually know anything about the matters about which they claimed to be an expert. Socrates felt that the quest for wisdom and the instruction of others through dialogue and inquiry were the highest aims in life. He felt that "The unexamined life is not worth living." Plato's Apology is the speech Socrates made at his trial. Socrates was charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state and corrupting the youth of Athens. In The Apology, Socrates attempted to defend himself. He spoke in a very simple, uncomplicated manner. He explained that he had no experience with the law and courts and that he wou! ld just use honesty and directness. He also explained that he behaved in the way that he did because of a prophecy by the oracle at Delphi, which claimed that he was the wisest of all men. Recognizing that he was ignorant in most things, Socrates concluded that he must be wiser than other men only in that he knew that he knew nothing. Socrates explained that he considered it his duty to question people in order to expose their false wisdom as ignorance. By doing this, the youth of Athens began to admire him and follow in his ways. However, Socrates received much hatred and anger from the people he embarrassed. He believed that the reason he was put on trial was because he embarrassed many people. Socrates compared himself to a gadfly stinging the lazy horse, which is the Athenian state. Without him, Socrates claimed, the state would drift into a deep sleep, but through his influence it can be awakened. Socrates was found guilty by... Free Essays on Plato's Apology Free Essays on Plato's Apology Plato’s Apology Socrates was a very simple man who did not have many material possessions and spoke in a plain, conversational manner. Acknowledging his own ignorance, he engaged in conversations with people claiming to be experts, usually in ethical matters. By asking simple questions, Socrates gradually revealed that these people were in fact very confused and did not actually know anything about the matters about which they claimed to be an expert. Socrates felt that the quest for wisdom and the instruction of others through dialogue and inquiry were the highest aims in life. He felt that "The unexamined life is not worth living." Plato's Apology is the speech Socrates made at his trial. Socrates was charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state and corrupting the youth of Athens. In The Apology, Socrates attempted to defend himself. He spoke in a very simple, uncomplicated manner. He explained that he had no experience with the law and courts and that he wou! ld just use honesty and directness. He also explained that he behaved in the way that he did because of a prophecy by the oracle at Delphi, which claimed that he was the wisest of all men. Recognizing that he was ignorant in most things, Socrates concluded that he must be wiser than other men only in that he knew that he knew nothing. Socrates explained that he considered it his duty to question people in order to expose their false wisdom as ignorance. By doing this, the youth of Athens began to admire him and follow in his ways. However, Socrates received much hatred and anger from the people he embarrassed. He believed that the reason he was put on trial was because he embarrassed many people. Socrates compared himself to a gadfly stinging the lazy horse, which is the Athenian state. Without him, Socrates claimed, the state would drift into a deep sleep, but through his influence it can be awakened. Socrates was found guilty by...

Fault Creep of Active Faults - Overview

Fault Creep of Active Faults - Overview Fault creep is the name for the slow, constant slippage that can occur on some active faults without there being an earthquake. When people learn about it, they often wonder if fault creep can defuse future earthquakes, or make them smaller. The answer is probably not, and this article explains why. Terms of Creep In geology, creep is used to describe any movement that involves a steady, gradual change in shape. Soil creep is the name for the gentlest form of landsliding. Deformation creep takes place within mineral grains as rocks become warped and folded. Fault creep, also called aseismic creep, happens at the Earths surface on a small fraction of faults. Creeping behavior happens on all kinds of faults, but its most obvious and easiest to visualize on strike-slip faults, which are vertical cracks whose opposite sides move sideways with respect to each other. Presumably, it happens on the enormous subduction-related faults that give rise to the largest earthquakes, but we cant measure those underwater movements well enough yet to tell. The movement of creep, measured in millimeters per year, is slow and constant and ultimately arises from plate tectonics. Tectonic movements exert a force (stress) on the rocks, which respond with a change in shape (strain). Strain and Force on Faults Fault creep arises from the differences in strain behavior at different depths on a fault. Down deep, the rocks on a fault are so hot and soft that the fault faces simply stretch past each other like taffy. That is, the rocks undergo ductile strain, which constantly relieves most of the tectonic stress. Above the ductile zone, rocks change from ductile to brittle. In the brittle zone, stress builds up as the rocks deform elastically, just as if they were giant blocks of rubber. While this is happening, the sides of the fault are locked together. Earthquakes happen when brittle rocks release that elastic strain and snap back to their relaxed, unstrained state. (If you understand earthquakes as elastic strain release in brittle rocks, you have the mind of a geophysicist.) The next ingredient in this picture is the second force that holds the fault locked: pressure generated by the weight of the rocks. The greater this lithostatic pressure, the more strain that the fault can accumulate. Creep in a Nutshell Now we can make sense of fault creep: it happens near the surface where lithostatic pressure is low enough that the fault is not locked. Depending on the balance between locked and unlocked zones, the speed of creep can vary. Careful studies of fault creep, then, can give us hints of where locked zones lie below. From that, we may gain clues about how tectonic strain is building up along a fault, and maybe even win some insight into what kind of earthquakes may be coming. Measuring creep is an intricate art because it occurs near the surface. The many strike-slip faults of California include several that are creeping. These include the Hayward fault in the east side of San Francisco Bay, the Calaveras fault just to the south, the creeping segment of the San Andreas fault in central California, and part of the Garlock fault in southern California. (However, creeping faults are generally rare.) Measurements are made by repeated surveys along lines of permanent marks, which may be as simple as a row of nails in a street pavement or as elaborate as creepmeters emplaced in tunnels. At most locations, creep surges whenever moisture from storms penetrates into the soil in California that means the winter rainy season. Creep's Effect on Earthquakes On the Hayward fault, creep rates are no greater than a few millimeters per year. Even the maximum is just a fraction of the total tectonic movement, and the shallow zones that creep would never collect much strain energy in the first place. Creeping zones there are overwhelmingly outweighed by the size of the locked zone. So if an earthquake that might be expected around every 200 years, on average, occurs a few years later because creep relieves a bit of strain, no one could tell. The creeping segment of the San Andreas fault is unusual. No large earthquakes have ever been recorded on it. Its a part of the fault, about 150 kilometers long, that creeps at around 28 millimeters per year and appears to have only small locked zones if any. Why is a scientific puzzle. Researchers are looking at other factors that may be lubricating the fault here. One factor may be the presence of abundant clay or serpentinite rock along the fault zone. Another factor may be underground water trapped in sediment pores. And just to make things a little more complex, it may be that creep is a temporary thing, limited in time to the early part of the earthquake cycle. Although researchers have long thought that the creeping section may stop large ruptures from spreading across it, recent studies have cast that into doubt. The SAFOD drilling project succeeded in sampling the rock right on the San Andreas fault in its creeping section, at a depth of almost 3 kilometers. When the cores were first unveiled, the presence of serpentinite was obvious. But in the lab, high-pressure tests of the core material showed that it was very weak because of the presence of a clay mineral called saponite. Saponite forms where serpentinite meets and reacts with ordinary sedimentary rocks. Clay is very effective at trapping pore water. So, as often happens in Earth science, everyone seems to be right.

Neurotheology in Review (Brain & Heart) part 2 Essay

Neurotheology in Review (Brain & Heart) part 2 - Essay Example An attempt to understand these mechanisms, ultimately calls for basic understanding of the mechanisms about how different systems work in our body. Physiology is the study of vital processes of living organisms, particularly at the level of organs and organ systems and at the level of the organism as a whole. Physiological processes, in turn, are dependent on anatomical and biochemical factors and constitute the physical basis of behavior (Abram et al., 2007). But with the existing knowledge, it is difficult to explain, as Eiser (2005) has pointed out how out of the structure and function or anatomy and physiology, a novel psychological entity representing the individual arise (Eiser, 2005). Questions keep coming on this hitherto unexplored area of the science. What people think, what they say, what they do, what they feel, and why they think, say, act, and feel in these ways are plainly of the greatest interest to all of us. The interface between psychology, religion, and spirituality has been of great interest to scholars for a century (Tartaro, Luecken, and Gunn, 2005). Taking into account that religious consciousness arises out of functional aspects of brain, it is not irrational to assume that the origin of such consciousness is from an emotion, and there must be a harmonious mechanism occurring in our body that leads to such emotions, hence physiologic effect out of some anatomic structures (Saver and Rabin, 1997). Are the sayings, "my heartfelt love", "from the core of my heart" and so on and so forth, just the sayings, or there exists some relationship in reality between the mind and the heart, or emotion and physiologic function. The anatomically determined theory of emotion or consciousness indicates emotion is like other somesth etic or special senses (McEachrane, 2009) similar to pain, temperature, and vision, emotional experience was accorded a thalamic nucleus and thalamocortical cortical relay (Compton, 2003). As

How does the academic study of problem solving and thinking relate to Essay

How does the academic study of problem solving and thinking relate to everyday life - Essay Example Along with maturation, people obtain substantial competence that enables them to solve common problems encountered daily. (Holyoak 1995, p. 267) However, Anderson (1993, p. 39) explains, not everything requiring solution, like routine activities, is indeed problems. For example, summing-up a three-month electric bill, though requires solution is not a problem because one simply has to compute it either manually or electronically, but how to pay the bill with practically nothing left in one’s pocket is surely a problem. The difference here lies on the immediate availability of achieving the task. Computing the bill could be easily achieved with the simple knowledge of addition or much easier the use of calculator, but where to find the money to pay the bill not to be cut off power presents a problem, as there is no immediate solution to it. Hence a problem is determined by the gap between the present state and the target goal wherein the means to solve the gap is not immediatel y evident (Schwarz & Skurnik 2003, p. 267). Problem solving begins with problem identification (Rudd 2005, p. 11). Generally defined as the activity by which the goal of eliminating the gap is undertaken without certainty of success (Tallman, Leik, Gray, & Stafford, 1993, cited in Nelson, Brice & Gunby 2010, p.74), problem solving which could be correct or erroneous differs for every individual, because individual experiences and task demands, which problem solving entails, vary (Martinez 1998, p. 605). Similarly, the difficulty of solving problems differs in degree depending on the nature of the problem. Some could be easy; others could be truly hard or could never be solved at all. (Joswiak 2004, p. 19) ‘The relative ease of solving a problem will depend on how successful the solver has been in representing crucial elements of the task environment in his problem space’ (Simon, 1978, p. 276). The more exposed a person to varied task of compelling nature, the greater is the chance of that person to handle problems of similar/related nature. For example, an ex-marine has the greater chance of surviving a physical assault than a language teacher who has yet to experience physical violence. Moreover, problem solving has two aspects: The answer that which solve the problem, and the solution procedure by which way the answer is known (Robertson 2001, p. 6). With a variety of problems that people come across everyday solutions also vary by which Robertson (2001, pp. 6-11) says problems can also be categorised. One, what knowledge does the problem require – would it be â€Å"knowledge-lean† or â€Å"knowledge-rich† problems (p. 7)? For example, household maintenance though complex requires simple management, whereas ensuring national security is far more complicated that it requires expertise. Steif, Lobue, Kara, & Fay (2010, p. 135) suggest that the ability to determine fitted conceptual knowledge in order to solve a problem is cons idered a metacognitive skill. This according to Greeno (1978, p. 62) is learnable. Although, Gagne (1979) clarifies that what can be learned in problem solving are its specific aspects, cited as: "rules of syntax and mathematics," "knowledge about particular objects and events," "specific cognitive strategies" (cited in Mayer 1987, p. 111). Two, what is the nature of the goal? Is it technical, routine, domestic, political,

Brazilian Culture Essay -- Cultural Identity Essays

By living in the United States of America, most of us are daily witnesses to the differences of cultures. From European to Mexican to Swedish cultures, you name it, Americans see it all, hear it all, and even taste it all. But we don’t always get a close look into other cultures—sometimes they just cross our paths. However, it is still important for us to learn about be knowledgeable about other cultures. Once such culture that has much to be learned from is the culture in Brazil. Brazilian culture is perhaps one of the most interesting cultures to learn about because it is so rich and diverse. Brazil alone is separated into five different regions which all encompass different customs and cultural aspects. (10) The following is an account of many aspects of the Brazilian culture and sources to help you learn more about the marvelous Brazil. Applicable National Standards for Geography Through this study of Brazilian culture the reader will be able to use the National Standard, "Knows and understands that culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and experience." Through historical accounts, statistical facts, and cultural information the reader will gain his own perception of Brazil and the experiences one can have there. The differences discussed will also help him to, "Knows and understand the complexity of the earth’s cultural mosaic." As Americans it is so important for us to understand others differences and to accept them as additions and benefits to our society. By learning about another nation and its roots the reader will understand how wide our differences stretch and how much they bring us together. Brazil at a Glance (6) Full Country Name: Federal Republic of Brazil ... ... 2005) (4) "History." The History of Brazilian Carnival. http://www.unikey.com.br (Apr 6, 2005) (5) Information Services of the Brazilian Embassy. "Brazil in Brief." Brazilian Embassy. 1998. http://brasil.emb.nw.dc.us/bzeduind.htm (Apr 14, 2005) (6) Lonely Planet Publications. "Destination Brazil." Lonelyplanet on-line. 1998. http://lonelyplanet.com/dest/sam/bra.htm (8 Apr 2005) (7) Morales, Walter. "Enjoy This Virtual Trip to Brazil." The Wonders of Brazil. 1998. http://psg.com~walter/brasil.html (Apr 15, 2005) (8) Paulo, S. "Revelry Rules the Jolly Season." Net Estado. 1998. http://estado.com.br/edicao/especial/carnaval/canabre.html (Apr 4, 2005) (9) Thomson, Shelia. "Maria Brazil." 1998. http://maria-brazil.org/ (Apr 14, 2005) (10) "Map of Brazil." http://www.usbrazil.com/mapbr.htm (Apr 15, 2005)

How Thomas Hardy portrays women in his stories Essay

The three stories all have very social, historical and cultural impacts on the women of the time. â€Å"The Withered Arm†, is about a woman’s, struggle to cure her withered arm and the jealousy felt by Rhoda who had been used by the farmer in the past and had born his child. Gertrude’s fear of loosing her husband and her superstition make her carry out actions that result in her death. The next story, â€Å"The Distracted Preacher†, is about an independent woman called Lizzy and the choice she has to make. She is involved in smuggling and the head of the gang but is offered a different life by Minister Stockdale, who asks her to marry him and leave. She decides to stay but gets caught and suffers for some years till he returns and offers again to marry him, this time she accepts but only because of circumstances. The third story, â€Å"The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion†, is about a shy, naive middle class woman called Phyllis and her fight between her conscience, her fathers desire and her true love. She chooses her conscience and in the end loses everything. The Withered Arm has two main female roles: Rhoda Brooks and Gertrude Lodge. They both have very different backgrounds; Rhoda is the poor working class woman while Gertrude is the pretty upper middle class women. Rhoda has to work for her son and herself just to eat; she has no husband and so is an outcast from society and has to keep herself to herself. Because of this she has no male role model for her son. Rhoda is a â€Å"thin, fading women of thirty†, which emphasises how hard she works and how tiring her life is. In comparison Gertrude is the typical married middle class woman, with lots of time on her hands. She is youthful and pretty, â€Å"soft and evanescent†, which is why Farmer Lodge married her. Rhoda has a very wicked side, which shows itself when Gertrude arrives in town. She becomes jealous and wants to know all about the well-awaited new wife. She becomes obsessed with her and makes her son find out about Gertrude and follow her, â€Å"Then do you go to Holmstoke church to-morrow: she’s sure to be there†. This jealousy links in with the superstition of that time when Rhoda’s dream about Gertrude having a withered arm comes true. At that time everyone believed each village had it’s own witch. The witch could curse victims and make limbs wither or in extreme cases fall off. From this we can see how worried Rhoda would have been, believing she was a witch, â€Å"that I exercise malignant power against my own will? † This illustrates that Rhoda feel sympathetic for Gertrude and responsible for her arm. She fears what she might do to her and what may happen if she is a witch. Even though she has this evil side, you see that she does contain some sympathetic qualities. For example Rhoda recognises the â€Å"gruesome fascination† which leads her to find Gertrude but she is unwilling to tell her where to find Conjuror Trendle for fear that she will lose Gertrude’s friendship. Hardy shows Rhoda’s point of view throughout the story so you feel sympathetic especially when we find the dead boy is her son. She is very independent and strong so in the end wants nothing to do with Farmer Lodge and the fling therefore refuses his sympathy vote and doesn’t accept his money. Gertrude starts by being very kind and loving, she gives Rhoda’s son some shoes and befriends Rhoda and creates a close relationship with her. Rhoda appears concerned; particularly about Gertrude’s imagined rejection by her husband. Her personality changes for the worst when her arm becomes withered. Gertrude relies on Rhoda for a concerned understanding of the growing separation between herself and her husband, who â€Å"knows the disfigurement is there. † The choice of the word â€Å"disfigurement† reveals his attitude to appearances. Social attitudes demanded that middle class women were beautiful and attractive. She turns vain and selfish, obsessed by her arm and the need to find a cure, â€Å"Her determination received a fillip. † She finds a treatable cure for the arm after trying so many. She’s now determined to try this one even though it involves such indignity. This is all too much for Gertrude when she finds out who the boy is in reality Rhoda’s son. She isn’t so vain and determined, she is actually very shocked and started to feel sympathy for the victim and in end the superstition and shock kills her. In the Distracted Preacher the main female role is Lizzy Newbury a middle class, strong-minded, character who, â€Å"was none the less independent†. This emphasises how Lizzy is able to lead her village in successful smuggling. She’s an attractive, local girl who can take on an immense job for a women in those times but Lizzy does it as well as any man could. Lizzy is a widower and looks after her mother, as well as the customers of her Lodge, where Mr Stockdale goes to stay. She values her job and sees nothing wrong with smuggling, â€Å"If a king who is nothing to us sends his people to steal out property, we have the right to steal it back†. This illustrates how Lizzy doesn’t care whether people think her smuggling is wrong she has reason to do it and she lives off the money and the adventure. The smuggling is tradition: â€Å"My father did it, and so did my grandfather, and almost everybody in Nether-Moynton lives by it, and life would be so dull if it wasn’t for that, that I should not care to live at all†. This shows that Lizzy is no ordinary woman she sticks with what she wants and doesn’t look up to men as a higher being besides she’s a decisive woman and gets her way. She needs to carry on even though her romance with Stockdale gets in the way because he doesn’t agree with it, so Lizzy uses vigorous but absurd arguments to justify her actions. To begin with Lizzy doesn’t want to go away with Stockdale and marrying him, â€Å"It is too much to ask. My whole life ha’ been passed in this way. † She needs to stay in Nether-Moynton where the adventure is and not do what normal females do. Later we see Lizzy’s resolve deteriorates; she needs Stockdale because the money earnt from smuggling runs out. After all her talk about needing smuggling and it being fine to do it, she says it wrong, â€Å"I own that we were wrong, said she. But I have suffered for it: I am very poor now,† Lizzy wants Stockdale now she is poor and worthless and Stockdale offers to take her away from her poverty. Lizzy gives in and takes this offer, then settles down to the married life she once hated the thought of living because of its lack of adventure and predictability. This ending is problematic as Lizzy changed her attitudes totally. This ending was also added for the readers. The story was published each week in a magazine. Hardy wrote the ending to please the audience and give them an ending most women would of taken. There is an alternative ending to this story that isn’t so problematic. This is that Lizzy would have married Owlett a member of the smuggling gang and immigrated to America. The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion has one main female role, that of Phyllis Grove an attractive middle class young lady. She is very quiet, keeps herself to herself and just likes to blend into society. She was a woman who lived her whole life without going further than the nearest market. The only family she has is her father so she has no female role model to guide her through life, this has made her very inexperienced in relationships, â€Å"though it is probable that she lost her heart to Matthaus before she is herself aware. † She never realised she was in love with Matthaus; she had never felt love before so never knew what this feeling was. She values her father’s opinion greatly and her father doesn’t like what’s going on between Matthaus and herself. He considers the soldiers merely â€Å"foreign fellows† who flatter young girls with â€Å"unmeaning attentions†. Phyllis finds Matthaus â€Å"refined and well-educated. † He is loving towards her, concerned about her loneliness, he does not put too much pressure on her to escape and marry him. She becomes very conscience stricken between the two men; will she go with her father’s choice (Humphrey) or her romance Matthaus? She decided the best thing to do was to conform to society and her father and marry Humphrey, â€Å"She would stay at home, and marry him, and suffer. † This shows that she is doing this for her father it wouldn’t be love but she could live with it for her families and the moneys sake. Later we see that Phyllis has a problem as Humphrey wants to marry another woman, Belle, and Matthaus and a friend gets shot for desertion. Poor Phyllis has now been torn from fighting between two men to being alone again. We see Phyllis’s life if effected by this, â€Å"while she lived she used to keep their mounds neat,† meaning Matthaus grave. This shows Phyllis’s love for Matthaus still carried on when he died and this tragedy deeply affected her. In the three stories I have read the four female characters all have similarities and differences. Gertrude is similar to all three characters. She is similar to Rhoda because they both believe in superstition and worry about what is happening to them due to it. Through the story we feel sympathy for them: for Gertrude with her withered arm and death and Rhoda for being a single parent and so an outcast and for when she sees Gertrude with her arm on her dead sons neck. The sympathy vote changes throughout the story between Rhoda and Gertrude. Gertrude is like Lizzy because they are both attractive, strong-minded women. Gertrude is different to Lizzy aswell as like her because Gertrude conforms to men’s expectations but Lizzy is independent and only relies on Stockdale at the end. Phyllis is probably most like Gertrude as they are both very traditional women characters for their times. They are weak women who become victims of men and the social influences of their time. Phyllis becomes a heart broken girl due to her fianci messing her around and her actual love being shot. Gertrude becomes obsessed and vain because her husband is disgusted by the fault with her arm and starts to love her less for it. Phyllis has a rich fianci and Gertrude has a rich husband. Lizzy is similar to Rhoda too because they are both strong-willed, independent women that can cope by themselves without men by their sides. This means Lizzy and Rhoda are both very different to Phyllis because she is timid and shy, she can be manipulated easily unlike Lizzy and Rhoda who manipulate other people. Phyllis’s character is very dependent as she does as she is told, conforming to society’s expectations. If things had gone to plan then her life would be totally taken care of without her lifting a finger, when we know Lizzy chose to be independent and Rhoda had to be independent to look after her family. In my view, I admire Lizzy because she is very outgoing and a leader, which shows women to be able to lead men in this world and she can still be attractive and feminine. She seems to put men in their places by refusing Stockdale’s offer of marriage instead of being a stereotypical woman of that time married, at home cooking, cleaning and looking after the children. She speaks her mind when she wants to stay because smuggling gives her adventure and when she tells Stockdale there nothing wrong with smuggling. This is why I like the alternative ending that Hardy mentions in his footnote when she goes to America because she doesn’t need the sympathy for being poor she stays strong and independent. Even though at the end I felt sorry for Rhoda because of her son, I was never fond of her character. She seemed evil throughout the story as if she had other secrets not yet revealed. Her character was very sneaky, holding things back from Gertrude when she was untruthful. I think Rhoda is to blame for all Gertrude’s problems: she placed the curse and took Gertrude to Conjuror Trendle and she paid the price of that horrendous sight. This all made me very sympathetic towards Gertrude and I know how if feels to be superficially stereotyped. She never did anything to Rhoda and died as a consequence to Rhoda’s jealousy. I also sympathise with Phyllis because men ruined her life, her life was ruined by the society’s strict rules at that time to do the right thing and marry for position and money, and the shooting for desertion of her true love. Men have a great impact on women and can make our lives fun, yet some men make our lives more misery than fun. In my opinion Hardy portrays women with respect, he makes them strong and independent, manly in a sense. In the early 1800s women all had their places in the world, which was in the home. Hardy brought these women out of their world and into the beginning of our not so sexist England today. Men and Society had the main impact on women of this era; I believe this is why Hardy’s stories were loved in this age. Women could read them and think that they had a greater role in this era and they were more intelligent than men thought. I also believe men should have read these books to see how independent and important women are to this world. It was very important for women of this era to get their thoughts and strengths across to the world, so they could begin to live as equals to men.

The Globalization of White Collar Crimes An Inside Look...

The Globalization of White Collar Crimes: An Inside Look of How Fraud, Embezzlement, Cybercrime, Identity Theft and Forgery Are Increasing World-Wide In this paper I will examine some of the aspects of white collar crimes such as: fraud, embezzlement, cybercrimes, identity theft and forgery. I will explain what each of these are pertaining to criminal justice and how they relate to one another. And I will conclude by how each of these topics are growing into global problems. According to Criminal-Law-Lawyer-Source.com â€Å"Fraud is the act of deliberately deceiving another individual or group in order to secure an unfair or unlawful personal gain at the expense of that party.† Fraud may be either civil or criminal offenses and many times†¦show more content†¦In conclusion white collar crimes has many components to it. All of which has to do with either falsifying something or having money and/or your identity stolen. As long as the technology keeps on advancing it ju st makes it that much easier for criminals to get their hands on more and more of innocent peoples belongings. So when you think that you wont be a victim of a white collar crime just remember to think again. Florida IC3 2010 Internet Crime Report Complaint Characteristics In 2010 IC3 received a total of 19878 complaints from the state of Florida. Top Referred Complaint Categories from Florida Identity Theft 20.9% Non Delivery of Merchandise /Payment 18.0% Credit Card Fraud 12.9% Auction Fraud 8.8% Miscellaneous Consumer Fraud 7.4% Computer Fraud 6.9% SPAM 3.5% Advanced Fee Fraud 3.4% Overpayment Fraud 3.2% Relationship Fraud 2.3% Amount Lost by Fraud Type for Individuals Reporting Monetary Loss Complaint Type Median loss per complaint Identity Theft $1000.00 Non Delivery of Merchandise /Payment $950.00 Credit Card Fraud $214.97 Auction Fraud $450.00 Miscellaneous Consumer Fraud $512.00 Computer Fraud $1000.00 SPAM $1507.00 Advanced Fee Fraud $1316.24 Overpayment Fraud $2526.00 Relationship Fraud